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Flextime
Flextime (also spelled flexitime (English ), flexi-time) is a variable work schedule, in contrast to traditional〔http://www.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/documents/1877/479.pdf〕 work arrangements requiring employees to work a standard 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. day. Under flextime, there is typically a core period (of approximately 50% of total working time / working day) of the day, when employees are expected to be at work (for example, between 11 a.m. and 3 p.m.), while the rest of the working day is "flexible time", in which employees can choose when they work, subject to achieving total daily, weekly or monthly hours in the region of what the employer expects, and subject to the necessary work being done. A flextime policy allows staff to determine when they will work, while a flexplace policy allows staff to determine where they will work. Advantages include allowing employees to coordinate their work hours with public transport schedules, with the schedules of their children, and with daily traffic patterns to avoid high congestion times such as rush hour. Some claim that flexible working will change the nature of the way we work.
== Flexible working from practitioners’ viewpoint ==
The industrial perspective of flexible working emphasizes on the practical definition of flexibility. Employees being allowed to work from many different places as long as their level of production is maintained if not increased.〔Boucher, P., 2013. How flexible working can benefit you and your employees. The Guardian. (). 13 April 2013. Available at: http://www.theguardian.com/small-business-network/2013/apr/15/top-tips-to-allow-flexible-working. Accessed 4 February 2015〕 Moreover, research reports〔Institute of Leadership & Management, 2012. Flexible working: Goodbye nine to five, Institute of Leadership & Management website. (). Available at: https://www.i-l-m.com/About-ILM/Research-programme/Research-reports/Flexible-working. Accessed 7 February 2015〕 gave quantitative interpretation backed by statistical evidences showing the changing attitude of organisations in different countries and especially the UK toward flexible working. For example, 50% of companies in the UK started to consider flexible working as a common practice and 73% of the managers in the survey showed an ultimate support to it. On the other hand, employees showed great preference to flexible working to the point that 40% of workers in the UK choose it over salary.〔The online recruitment resource, 2015. Attitudes towards working from home – Cezanne HR survey results. Onrec website. (). Available at: http://www.onrec.com/news/news-archive/attitudes-towards-working-from-home-%E2%80%93-cezanne-hr-survey-results. Accessed 6 February 2015〕 Also, greater focus was put〔Gammell, K., 2010. Flexible working better than bonuses. The Telegraph. (). Available at: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/jobs/7786741/Flexible-working-better-than-bonuses.html. Accessed 8 February 2015〕〔Hemsley, S., 2014. Flexible working: dads want choice. HR Magazine. (). Available at: http://www.hrmagazine.co.uk/hro/features/1143166/flexible-dads-choice. Accessed 8 February 2015〕 to explain the increased demand for such arrangements by both stakeholders which was clarified by their advantages of contributing to high quality of output results while creating the perfect working conditions for workers.
Additionally, as seen recently, most business Organisations have started to introduce flexible working patterns for their employee as a way to increase their productivity level. Higher level of productivity means a higher level of profitability for the organization. Flexible working is also seen as family friendly policy, which leads to a good work life balance for employees. Some examples of Organisations with flexible working arrangement include Agilent technologies, NetApp, Qualcomm Inc.〔Stanger, M., 2014. Companies That Offer Flexible Schedules Get More Out Of Their Employees. Business Insider. (). 14 February 2013. Available at: http://www.businessinsider.com/most-flexible-employers-according-to-payscale-2013-1. Accessed 6 February 2015〕
Flexible working arrangement or pattern has also become an important issue in the business society because it has been seen as a way for organisations to expand and increase their operations national and international at lower cost, this is in comparison to permanent or non-flexible working arrangement.〔Fell, S., 2013. Top 10 Benefits of Flexible Work Policies for Companies. The Huffington Post. (). Available at: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/sara-sutton-fell/top-10-benefits-of-flexib_b_4158603.html. Accessed 3 February 2015〕 While both employees and employers acknowledge the benefits of flexible working, yet they are also concerned with it limitations which come as the extra expenses and responsibility the organization will incurred in order to provide these arrangements and the low benefits offered to employee in accordance to their reduced working timing.〔Brookins, M., 2015. Negatives of Flexible Work Schedules. Small Business. (). Available at: http://smallbusiness.chron.com/negatives-flexible-work-schedules-1236.html. Accessed 11 February 2015〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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